02 March 2010

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

January 5, 2010



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz, Una Durkan, John Gallgher, Stan Hazzard, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, John Ryder, Mary Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:10



I. Technology Update - Madelyn Gawne and Peggy Martinus reviewed the St. Juliana School Technology Plan (Updated – January, 2010) which was created after taking an inventory and assessing the technology needs of the school. The plan addresses technology goals and objectives, the current technology state and the future state. The following was highlighted:



A. Mobile Computer Lab: the cart contains 25 netbooks and 5 additional netbooks are needed. The usage since 11/1/09 has been good with 9 teachers using the cart. The netbooks are used to review work and practice skills through websites such as IXL math.

B. Future State: The following are key needs: 5 additional netbooks, replace 30 Apple computers in lab with 30 new PCs, a new server, an additional mobile lab (one for each floor) and an additional Whiteboard.



II. Opening Prayer – Father Steve



III. Minutes Approved



IV. Principal’s Report



A. Science Lab: Ribbon cutting and blessing scheduled for 1/24 at 2:00 pm. Discussed creating a wish list to distribute at the event.

B. Catholic Schools Week: the school open house scheduled for 1/31. Registration materials will be available. Discussed creating an ad for the local papers promoting new technology and science lab.



V. SR. Remy Schaul Award: Todd and Melody Steffen nominated to receive the award.



VI. Pastor’s Report



A. Reviewed Income & Expense – School November 2009



VII. Committee Reports:



a. Fundraising: John Ryder to attend next Black Top Ball meeting and report back to school board at February meeting.

b. Finance: waiting for Archdiocese to report – committee will meet after February School Board meeting.

c. Technology: covered

d. Marketing: Open House details planned

e. Operations: concrete project plaque will be installed

f. Bylaws/Legislative: no report



VIII. Coffee, Tea and Thee: managed by School Board on Palm Sunday, March 28



IX. School Board provided tour of Science Lab









Next Meeting: February 2, 2010 at 7:00 pm



Meeting adjourned at 8:30 pm


02 February 2010

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

December 10, 2009



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz, John Gallagher, Rich Mackey, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, John Ryder, Mary Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:10 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer



II. Minutes Approved



III. Principal’s Report



A. Academics



a. Science Lab: on track for January completion. Lab tables being prepared and whiteboard installed. Window treatments to be completed next.



B. Catholic Identity



a. Grandparent Mass: successful and received positive feedback.



C. Parents/Communication



a. Principal Job Description: description distributed and reviewed.

b. Tuition Survey, K-8: distributed and reviewed.



D. Students



a. Christmas Concert: will be held on December 21.



IV. Committee Reports



a. Fundraising: no report

b. Finance: no report

c. Technology: Peggy Martinus and Madelyn Gawne to report at January meeting.

d. Marketing: no report

e. Operations: no report

f. Bylaws/Legislative: no report



V. Trip Program: February schedule to be created.



VI. Coffee, Tea and Thee: March 28 – managed by School Board.



Next Meeting: January 5, 2010



Meeting Adjourned at 8:00 p.m.


05 January 2010

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

November 3, 2009





In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz, Una Durkan, Stan Hazzard, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, John Ryder, Mary Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:05 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer – Father Steve



II. Minutes Approved



III. Principal’s Report



A. Academics



a. Teacher Inservice: Parent / Teacher conference date changed to accommodate this workshop which will focus on the writing curriculum.

b. Curriculum Mapping: Internet based program where teachers reflect on curriculum standards. Paid for through Title funds.

c. Technology Training – teachers have been trained on the mobile lab. The students are using the lab and are excited about the new laptops.



B. Catholic Identity



a. Grandparent Mass: will be held on Friday November 20. Format has changed to the morning. There will be an 8:45 Mass with the Grandparents then invited to visit the classrooms.



C. Parents/Communication



a. Parent/Teacher Conferences: will be conducted on Tuesday November 24th from 1 p.m. – 8:30 p.m. Conferences will be 1 day instead of 2 due to teacher inservice day.

b. Protecting God’s Children Training: Training for parent helpers must be completed by November 1. The training applies to all those that provide assistance at school. A suggestion was made to clarify some parent confusion as to who must complete the training.





D. Students



a. Absences: Attendance is normal for this time of year.



E. School Board Manual Review: updated manual provided to the Board.



F. Science Lab Update: on track for January completion.



IV. Pastor’s Report



A. Reviewed Income & Expense Statement – School September 2009

B. T-Mobile cell tower put on hold by national.

C. St. Juliana Pastoral Council Organization is putting together a directory of all parish organizations. Scheduled to pull information together by end of November.



V. Committee Reports

A. Fundraising: no report

B. Finance: no report – budget process will begin at the end of February.

C. Technology: Assessment and Development document being finalized and will be reviewed at the next meeting.

D. Marketing: No report

E. Operations: Flagpole cement platform has been completed.

F. Bylaws: Board member Beth Sugrue had resigned. No immediate plans to fill vacancy with Board presently meeting membership number requirements.

G. Legislative: Catholic Conference of Illinois October Newsletter provided.



VI. New News: none





Next Meeting: December 10, 2009



Meeting adjourned at 8:30 p.m.


09 December 2009

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

October 6, 2009



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz, Una Durkan, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, John Ryder, Mary Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:10 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer – Father Steve



II. Minutes Approved



III. Principal’s Report



A. Academics



a. Resource Teachers: several certified teachers provide additional assistance to students. Based on test scores and report cards, students are provided extra help in reading and math.

b. British Partnership: School administrator from Birmingham, England visited classes.

c. Reading Fluency in Primary Grades: 1st, 2nd & 3rd graders tested at the beginning of the year, again in winter and at the end of the year. Scores were above established benchmarks.

d. Middle School Field Trips: 8th grade will visit Cantigny and 6th and 7th grade will visit the Field Museum for a science related project.



B. Catholic Identity



a. Presentation of Bibles: 6th graders will be presented a Bible at Mass on October 16th for use in 6th, 7th & 8th grade religion class.

b. 8th Grade Student Leadership Presentation Day: Eighth Graders participated in Leadership Retreat Day at St. Juliana School. The day’s theme was “The Key to Leadership – Service to Others.”



C. Communication



a. Coffee and Conversation Discussion: topics discussed included

homework in middle school, reading resource teachers, music classes and Mother’s Club Hot Lunch.

b. Hearing & Vision Testing: conducted and helped with compliance.

D. Students



a. Fall Sports: 77% of 5th – 8th graders participate in sports.

b. Pep Rally: scheduled for 10/23 with Chicago Blackhawk’s President John McDonough attending.



IV. Pastor’s Report



A. Reviewed Income & Expense Statement – School August 2009



V. School Board Manual Review: discussed updating and distributing manuals. Mrs. Barton reviewed best practices for a successful board, which include being an ambassador for the school, being positive in the neighborhood, bringing questions to the board and conducting fundraising.



VI. Science Lab Update: completion of lab is on schedule. Currently working on the walls and tile removal. Also, additional outlets were added and data wiring installed. Painting will take place in October and the floor will be prepared in November, followed by work on lab tables. The smart board will be installed at the end of November. In December, the instructor’s bench will be installed and window treatments will be completed. Total cost so far has been around $31,000 and the project will be close to budget. Father Steve and Mrs. Barton emphasized that the lab will be for all students and not just middle school students.



VII. Committee Reports:



a. Fundraising: no report

b. Finance: no report

c. Technology: technology plan being developed.

d. Marketing: no report

e. Operations: Flagpole concrete project being scheduled – must move sprinkler line first.

f. Bylaws: no report

g. Legislative: no report



VIII. Trip Program: schedule created for November & December Coffee, Tea and Thee



IX. New News: none



Next Meeting: November 3, 2009 at 7:00 pm



Meeting adjourned at 8:30 pm


19 October 2009

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

September 1, 2009



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz, Una Durkan, John Gallagher, Stan Hazzard, Rich Mackey, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, John Ryder, Mary Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:05 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer – Mrs. Barton



II. Minutes Approved



III. Principal’s Report



a. Enrollment: 530 total students for the 2009 – 2010 school year. 58 students enrolled in Preschool. 19 students from last school year did not return. Most of the new students are in 3 and 4 year old Preschool and Kindergarten. 39 students in Kindergarten replaced a graduating class of 56. Goal to keep classes small in the primary grades. 1st grade and 2nd grade have 3 classrooms.

b. Science Lab Update: The utilities have been roughed in and floor tile has been abated. The Science Lab technology has been purchased. The next step will be to repair the wall tile. There is a target date of January 2010 (2nd semester) to open. Progress to be communicated on the website.

c. Archdiocesan Curriculum: working on disseminating and applying the curriculum. Started with math and will continue with language arts. Curriculum available on Archdiocese website. Each teacher can spend $1200 per year on professional development.

d. Strengthening Catholic Schools: conference to be held on September 19th at Nazareth Academy.

e. Notebook Storage Cart: 25 laptop computers and storage cart purchased by the Mothers’ Club has arrived.



IV. Pastor’s Report



a. Parish Finance Council is reviewing the budget.

b. School building improvements include new hallway floors on the 2nd floor and brick tuckpointing on Touhy.

c. T-Mobile Cell tower has been put on hold by T-Mobile.











V. Committee Members Assigned



a. Fundraising: Beth Sugrue, Mary Sugrue, Una Durkan, & John Ryder

b. Finance: Rich Mackey, John Gallagher, Mark Baranek

c. Technology: Rich Mackey, Mark Baranek, Pete Belz

d. Marketing: Patti McDonagh, Denise Jaeger, and Stan Hazzard

e. Operations: Stan Hazzard and Pat O’Flaherty

f. Bylaws: Pete Belz

g. Legislative: Mark Baranek and Pete Belz



VI. Trip Program: Schedule for Coffee, Tea & Thee schedule will be created



VII. Committee Reports



a. Fundraising: BlackTop Ball final results - $130K raised

b. Finance: no report

c. Technology: committee to set meeting with Mrs. Gawne

d. Marketing: recapped Welcome party – good turnout

e. Operations: Reviewed paver project – Parishioner Jeff O’Grady of Stone Circle Concrete will donate his services to complete the project with stamped concrete. Next step to walk through and coordinate a date.

f. Bylaws: no report

g. Legislative: no report



VIII. New News



a. Flu Response: focus on hand washing and daily cleaning. Students must be fever free for 24 hours before returning to school.

b. Electronic Tuition Payment: ability to pay tuition through electronic bank transfer.





Next Meeting: October 6, 2009 at 7:00 pm



Meeting adjourned at 8:40 pm


19 October 2009

Minutes

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

June 2, 2009



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Mark Baranek, Peter Belz, Adrienne Cirrincione, Cary Doherty, Una Durkin, Kathy Flynn, John Gallagher, Laura Gustaitis, Stan Hazzard, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Peggy Martinus, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, Ed Ryan, John Ryder, Mary Beth Schaedel, John Staunton, Beth Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:35 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer-Mrs. Barton

Thank yous to outgoing and incoming members- Ed Ryan



II. Minutes approved



III. Principal’s Report

• Enrollment is “inching up;”

3yo PS: 24 enrolled

4yo PS: 24

Kdg: 36

As of 6/2/09: Total of 518 enrolled; 7 students not returning (4 families); lower numbers due in part to smaller kdg. class.

• Science Lab: Architect selected (Mr. Behle- attended SJS); rooms selected based on ease of H2), gas, electric connections; room will not need a second door. All Black Top Ball fund-a-cause monies raised will go toward the lab.

• Thank you to outgoing members



IV. Pastor’s Report

• None



V. Welcome and Introductions of new members not at last meeting

• Mike MacGregor, John Gallagher, Mark Baranek



VI. Committee Reports

A. Marketing

• New family welcome will coincide with school supply pick up; event will be held in the library this year.

B. Fundraising

• Final numbers for BTB not available. Estimated @ about $138K.

• Kudos to the outstanding committee and everyone who made the event a huge success.

• Suggestion to sell the slide show CD; also to really market the new science lab at open house.

• TRIP- CT&T on 6/7/09- Volunteers signed up.



C. Finance

• No report

D. Enhancement

• No report

E. Operations

• Paver project must be followed up on next year; need to decide focus of project.

F. Bylaws

• New officers elected and installed:

Chairperson: Pat O’Flaherty

Vice Chairperson: Rich Mackey

Recording Secretary: Peter Belz

Corresponding Secretary: Patti McDonagh

G. Technology

• P. Martinus is working with Ms. Gawne on purchases for next year.

H. Legislative

• L. Gustaitis to stay on as LAP



Next meeting September 1, 2009, 7:00

Meeting adjourned at 8:45 p.m.


05 October 2009

St. Juliana School Board

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

June 2, 2009



In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Mark Baranek, Peter Belz, Adrienne Cirrincione, Cary Doherty, Una Durkin, Kathy Flynn, John Gallagher, Laura Gustaitis, Stan Hazzard, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Peggy Martinus, Patti McDonagh, Mike MacGregor, Pat O’Flaherty, Ed Ryan, John Ryder, Mary Beth Schaedel, John Staunton, Beth Sugrue



Meeting called to order at 7:35 p.m.



I. Opening Prayer-Mrs. Barton

Thank yous to outgoing and incoming members- Ed Ryan



II. Minutes approved



III. Principal’s Report

• Enrollment is “inching up;”

3yo PS: 24 enrolled

4yo PS: 24

Kdg: 36

As of 6/2/09: Total of 518 enrolled; 7 students not returning (4 families); lower numbers due in part to smaller kdg. class.

• Science Lab: Architect selected (Mr. Behle- attended SJS); rooms selected based on ease of H2), gas, electric connections; room will not need a second door. All Black Top Ball fund-a-cause monies raised will go toward the lab.

• Thank you to outgoing members



IV. Pastor’s Report

• None



V. Welcome and Introductions of new members not at last meeting

• Mike MacGregor, John Gallagher, Mark Baranek



VI. Committee Reports

A. Marketing

• New family welcome will coincide with school supply pick up; event will be held in the library this year.

B. Fundraising

• Final numbers for BTB not available. Estimated @ about $138K.

• Kudos to the outstanding committee and everyone who made the event a huge success.

• Suggestion to sell the slide show CD; also to really market the new science lab at open house.

• TRIP- CT&T on 6/7/09- Volunteers signed up.



C. Finance

• No report

D. Enhancement

• No report

E. Operations

• Paver project must be followed up on next year; need to decide focus of project.

F. Bylaws

• New officers elected and installed:

Chairperson: Pat O’Flaherty

Vice Chairperson: Rich Mackey

Recording Secretary: Peter Belz

Corresponding Secretary: Patti McDonagh

G. Technology

• P. Martinus is working with Ms. Gawne on purchases for next year.

H. Legislative

• L. Gustaitis to stay on as LAP



Next meeting September 1, 2009, 7:00

Meeting adjourned at 8:45 p.m.




11 September 2009

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

May 5, 2009

In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Peter Belz, Adrienne Cirrincione, Cary Doherty, Una Durkin, Kathy Flynn, Laura Gustaitis, Rich Mackey, Peggy Martinus, Patti McDonagh, Pat O’Flaherty, Ed Ryan, John Ryder, Mary Beth Schaedel, John Staunton, Beth Sugrue

Meeting called to order at 7:06 pm

I. Opening Prayer: Father Steve

Introduction of new members: Ed Ryan

Welcome to our six new school board members: Mark Baranek, Una Durkin, John Gallagher, Michael MacGregor, John Ryder and Mary Sugrue.

II. Minutes approved, with amendments

III. Principal’s Report

1. Terra Nova Scores reviewed. The test was re-normed this school year, so comparison with prior year test scores may not show an accurate picture. The scores show that our students are aligned with current national standards. Reading and language were tested separately this year to assess the students’ deeper knowledge. The data is presented as the percentage of students at or above the 50th percentile of the national average. The 3rd, 5th and 7th graders all met or exceeded mastery range levels. Data also shows areas in which curriculum across the board needs to be addressed. School administrators also assess each student’s scores to target individual needs.

2. Student writing update: The teachers’ evidences of writing were completed by all grades. Teachers have also recently received further in-service training in this area.

3. The Principal evaluation was summarized and reviewed.

4. Enrollment update: Open house will be held May 6th for PS and Kdg.; 33 new students have enrolled. The current estimated enrollment for the 09-10 school years is approx. 500.

5. A tuition cost comparison for the schools in our deanery was reviewed. The comparison was prepared by staff at St. Cornelius.

IV. Pastor’s Report

None

V. Committee Reports

a. Fundraising:

590 tickets sold for Black Top Ball; over 300 auction items; the volunteers who are organizing the event have worked tirelessly to get this off the ground. SB donated a weekend getaway and $500 toward the Ireland airfare from our March Madness party.

b. Bylaws: New officers to be elected at June meeting.

c. Technology: Peggy Martinus presented an updated draft of the Technology plan. Appendix includes the technology skills/activities attained by grade 2 and 8. Ms. Gawne is very dedicated to researching web sites, challenging students and educating teachers about the use of technology in their curriculum.

d. Finance: No report

e. Enhancement: No report



f. Marketing: Welcoming Committee working on an August event.

g. Ops: No report.

h. Legislative: No report

Meeting Adjourned at 8:25

Next meeting June 2, 2009 at 7:00 pm


02 June 2009

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

April 7, 2009

In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Peter Belz, Cary Doherty, Kathy Flynn, Laura Gustaitis, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Peggy Martinus, Pat O’Flaherty, Ed Ryan, Mary Beth Schaedel, John Staunton

Meeting called to order at 7:06 pm

I. Opening Prayer: Ed Ryan

II. Minutes approved, with amendments

III. Principal’s Report

1. Reduction in staff process: Archdiocese has policy and procedures for reducing staff positions. First criteria considered is whether the individual has current or lapsed Illinois State certification. Length of services and other criterion would next be considered. Five (5) teacher positions will be eliminated next school year.

2. Enrollment: 488 students have register; of these, a small number have tuition outstanding. 26 families have yet to register. 460 students may be a more realistic number. The budget was based on 500 students. There will be two classes per grade. 2nd grade will have 3 rooms; 4yo PS- one room.

3. Preschool open house: 2 held in March- 1st had five families (2 registered for 3yo PS); 2nd had 5 families (1 registered for 4yo PS). A 3rd open house is planned for the end of April for PS and Kdg.

4. Science Lab update: Committee of 8 people working on improvement plan, including a science teacher from Notre Dame HS, current jr. high teachers, administrators. Two productive meetings already held and project is moving ahead.

5. Junior Achievement: UIC econ students will be presenting to the 1st -8th grade students.

6. Religion Day: April 23rd- many activities planned. Battle of the Books: St. Tars, April 28th.

7. Tremendous congratulations and thanks yous to all involved with the Spring Play. Spectacular production!!

IV. Pastor’s Report

Income/expense report shared. Still on target for this school year. Budget will be adjusted next year based on actual enrollment.

V. Committee Reports

a. Fundraising:

BTB: School board will be donating an auction item from funds raised at the March Madness party. Possibly a weekend getaway.

TRIP: Will be Coffee, Tea and Thee in June. Will need volunteers to sell TRIP.

b. Bylaws: Still need additional nominees for next year’s board.

c. Technology: Creating a comprehensive list of current student technology related activities by grade level. Also, compiling a cost estimate for new computer lab.

d. Finance: No report

e. Enhancement: Learning Resource Center update: SJS has 2 part time teachers and 2 volunteers who provide additional learning services. These individuals have both a dedicated instruction space, and work directly in the classrooms. No further action is required at this time. Ms. Barton will monitor the issue.

f. Marketing: New SJ school and parish website rolled out this week. Site is designed to be more user friendly. It is not yet fully constructed; any input is welcomed.

g. Ops: No report.

h. Legislative: There will be an increase in Title II funds via the Economic Stimulus package. No current estimate of dollar amount.

Meeting Adjourned at 8:25

Next meeting May 5, 2009 at 7:00 pm


05 May 2009

St. Juliana School Board

Meeting Minutes

March 10, 2009

In attendance: Kathleen Barton, Father Steve, Peter Belz, Adrienne Cirrincione, Cary Doherty, Kathy Flynn, Stan Hazzard, Denise Jaeger, Rich Mackey, Peggy Martinus, Patti McDonagh, Tim O’Donohue, Pat O’Flaherty, Ed Ryan,

Meeting called to order at 7:05 pm

I. Opening Prayer: Father Steve

II. Minutes approved

III. Principal’s Report

1. Enrollment: As of this meeting, enrollment is 466. There are 51 current students who have not yet registered. Pre-school enrollment is lower than in prior years.

2. Staff Evaluations and Contract Decisions for 2009-2010: Contracts need to be given out by April 15th. The process is driven by the Archdiocese. One teacher has already indicated she will not return.

3. Springfield Rally: 31 8th grade students went to the Springfield Rally. All 8th grade students were invited to go, but only 31 responded.

4. Good News:

a. Mothers Club Donation – funds for mobile computer lab

b. Student Council Donation - raised about $700 for tuition fund from Mardi Gras beads

c. Title VI funds- SJS received grant money for two Mimeo Whiteboard Systems.

5. Volunteer Dinner is Thursday, March 12 from 6-9.

6. Other: Social worker from Catholic Charities is coming once a week for 4th – 6th graders on bullying. 3rd graders received letter this week and will participate.

The play will be March 25th and 26th

Virtus training will be in April, end of May and the beginning of next school year.

Father Steve, Mrs. Barton and Pam Francisco met with a group of parents regarding First Communion. A letter will go out to all families with students receiving the sacrament allowing them to vote on a variety of options for the service.

V. Pastor’s Report

Budget distributed. Based on enrollment of 500. Will be adjusted in September.

January budget results were shared.

T-Mobile contract should be signed next week. All money will go to school. Father Steve will communicate in bulletin or blog once the contract is signed.

Sister Mary Paul’s visit at school went well. Mrs. Gawne took picture to put on Archdiocesan website. Sister Mary Paul created a school board for entire archdiocese – major players are on it.

VI. Committee Reports

Patti McDonagh to coordinate Coffee, Tea and Thee for April 5 which School Board is sponsoring.



a. Fundraising:

Ad book letters for Black Top Ball went home. Back and front cover are sold. There will be a party at Ed Ryan’s house on March 21 in support of Black Top Ball.

b. Bylaws: School Board nomination forms and information passed out.

c. Technology: Peggy Martinus passed out the draft of current plan. She plans to meet with Kathleen Barton to discuss vision and mission statement in greater detail. Need to determine what basic software items we should have. Two teachers have expressed interest in learning how to use whiteboards.

d. Finance: No report

e. Enhancement: Kathleen Barton to access needs for Learning Resource Center for next month.

f. Marketing: Committee working on Welcoming Family for 2009-2010.

g. Ops: Pat O’Flaherty updated group on neighborhood meeting. St. Juliana is out of the noise area for new runaway. To get funds, the noise level for a school needs to be at 60, SJS is projected at 53.6. Ebinger and Roosevelt schools are getting soundproofing.

h. Legislative: No report

Meeting Adjourned at 8:56

Next meeting April 7, 2009 at 7:00 pm